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  • Klyntar project intro
  • Project litepaper and main features
    • About project
    • Unique architecture - take the best from L1 and L2 chains
    • Multilevel sharding and modularity
    • Multistaking - native liquid staking, multichain multiasset staking and much more!
    • Checkpoints mechanism
    • Advanced cryptography - zk, mpc, fhe, post-quantum and much more!
    • Virtual machines - EVM, WASM, containers and much more!
    • Parallelization
    • Abstractions - for account, storage and chain
    • RWX - codeless smart contracts for real world usage
    • Unique shared security model
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    • Forgetfulness - a blockchain cleaning mechanism
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        • Full list of supported assets
        • Work with native coins
        • Work with ERC-20 tokens
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          • Work with XRP network
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        • Add your own asset
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      • Claiming rewards
    • 🕵️Become a validator
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  • Web1337
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    • 🟢Simple API requests
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    • 🟠Transactions and smart-contracts
      • Useful advices & FAQ
      • 🔐Default Ed25519 transactions
      • 🤝BLS multisig transactions
      • 🛡️TBLS thresholdsig transactions
      • ⚛️Post-quantum transactions
      • 📃KLY-WVM - deploy and interact with the smart-contract to WASM vm
        • Interaction with a smart-contract
      • 📃KLY-EVM - deploy and interact with the smart-contract to EVM
        • Interaction with a smart-contract
      • Transfer coins between EVM and native environment
    • 🔴Advance Web1337 usage
      • Parallel execution
      • Interaction with a system smart contracts
      • 🪄Abstraction
        • 🦸‍♂️Account abstraction 2.0
        • 💾Storage Abstraction
          • 🔃Manual deployment of the storage for your contract
          • ☄️Dump EVM & WASM contract storage
          • Pay for storage rent
        • ⛓️Chain abstraction
      • 🌩️Thundercloud
        • 🏷️Using KLY Aliases in transactions
        • 🦾Deploy KIP
      • Using boosts & subscriptions
    • 🌐Networking
      • 🙈Using proxy
      • ⚡Interact with node via websockets
  • Smart Contracts and vms
    • Intro
    • 👩‍💻KLY-EVM
      • Smart contracts examples
      • 🧙‍♂️Magic address
      • Beyond the VM
        • ❎Call WASM from EVM
        • ❎Call JS from EVM
    • 👨‍💻KLY-WVM
      • Smart contracts examples
      • 🔁Simple cross-contract call (WVM-WVM)
      • Beyond the VM
        • ❎Call EVM from WASM
        • ❎Call JS from WASM
    • Containers
    • 🤓Writing smart contracts
      • Get random value from contract
    • 🧠Advanced VMs usage
      • 🔐Cryptography
        • 🎲VRF
        • ⚛️Post-quantum cryptography
        • 👀zkSNARK
        • 🤫Secure Secret Sharing
        • 🤹Using MPC
        • 🙈Using FHE
      • ⛈️Thundercloud
        • 👀KLY Oracles
          • ⏳Get the real time
          • 🌏Call any API
  • 🗺️RWX contracts
    • ℹ️Intro to real-world-execution smart contracts
    • How to use RWX contracts in your project or business
      • Web2 usage
        • User-User - agreements between default people
        • User-Business - agreements between customer and business
      • Web3 usage
        • Use in standalone blockchain projects
        • Use in DApps
    • 🤝Create RWX contract and deploy with Web1337
    • 🕵️‍♂️Become verifier
  • 👀Interesting features you must know
    • 😦Return of lost funds
  • Misc
    • 🏷️KLY Aliases
      • Web2 domain to KLY Alias
      • Web3 domain to KLY Alias
      • Social media handle to KLY Alias
  • Bots
    • 🤖Intro
  • Nodes management and maintaining
    • Core version update
    • State pruning
    • Launch own PoD (point of distribution)
    • Recovery process
    • Fast sync
  • Shared security usage
    • For blockchain networks
    • For DApps
    • For bridges
    • For oracles
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On this page
  • Intro
  • Level 1 - appchains
  • Level 2 - single chain default sharding
  • Level 3 - additional levels of parallelization
  • Also

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  1. Project litepaper and main features

Multilevel sharding and modularity

PreviousUnique architecture - take the best from L1 and L2 chainsNextMultistaking - native liquid staking, multichain multiasset staking and much more!

Last updated 4 months ago

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Intro

As we think about the future, we are trying to solve the problem of network scaling right away. Dividing the network into several smaller networks (shards) has become a standard in the industry.

We decided to go further and use a multilevel sharding system for greater efficiency. It is like classic sharding, but it has its advantages.

Level 1 - appchains

At the first level, the networks will be divided according to their purpose. These will be independent projects that will join our ecosystem for common shared security, as well as various bonuses such as gasless cross-chain transfers and much more.

The first project and blockchain in the ecosystem will obviously be our native blockchain - Klyntar

Level 2 - single chain default sharding

This level of sharding is the most familiar to you - you may have seen it in other projects where there is also sharding.

At this level, we will divide the Klyntar blockchain into several independent subnetworks that:

  1. Will use the same validator space - if there are N validators in the network in total, then there will be N validators on each shard (the same level of security)

  2. Will work independently of each other and generate blocks in parallel - this increases the network throughput

We will use user migration mechanisms and smart contracts on new shards to load them evenly.

Such mechanisms include:

  1. Bonuses for users for account migration - several gasless transactions, various boosts, etc.

  2. A coercion mechanism that will limit the ability to use contracts or user accounts until they move to a new shard

Level 3 - additional levels of parallelization

At the third level, we are also trying to improve the scalability of the network by parallelizing the execution environment. Find out more here:

Also

In the future, we also plan to add the ability to separate the block verification process from the approval process, which will make the network more modular and, for example, run two modules on different machines

mechanism for smart contracts - allow a smart contract not to pay for storage for some time on a new shard

Storage-by-subscription
Parallel execution